By

/baɪ/

prepositionBeginner🔥Very CommonGeneral
2 meanings2 questions

Definitions

2 meanings
1

Near, next to, at the side of; through the means of; as a result of; done by.

/baɪ/

prepositionneutralBeginner
General

Expressing proximity, agency, or means.

The cake was made by my sister.

💡 Simply: Near or because of.

More Examples

2

I went to the store by car.

3

He was surprised by the news.

How It's Used

General

"The book is by the window."

Agency

"The house was built by John."

Means

"She travels by train."

2

Past; near; close to.

/baɪ/

adverbneutralBeginner
General

Passing near, close to, or past.

The car drove by quickly.

💡 Simply: Going past something.

More Examples

2

She walked by and smiled.

How It's Used

General

"He walked by without noticing me."

Tip:Think of going 'past' something.

Synonyms & Antonyms

Synonyms

From Old English *bī, *bi, meaning "near, beside, at," related to Old High German bi, Old Norse við, and ultimately to Proto-Indo-European *bhi-.

The word 'by' has maintained a consistent usage across centuries, evolving from its Old English roots to modern English, showing versatility across different grammatical functions.

Memory tip

Think of 'being near' something.

Word Origin

Original meaning

"near, beside, at"

by the wayby farby chanceby oneselfby heart

Usage

70%Spoken
30%Written